Recognizing Safety Red Flags in Kayaking
Intro
Kayaking can be an exhilarating activity, but it’s not without its challenges. To really enjoy this sport, you need to be aware of potential red flags that may arise. They can be anything from sudden weather changes to equipment malfunctions. Knowing these signs ahead of time can make the difference between a pleasant day on the water and a dangerous situation.
In this guide, we’ll explore various areas where kayakers must stay vigilant. From assessing your gear before launch to understanding the environment around you, we'll cover it all. Whether you’re a beginner setting out for your first paddling adventure or an experienced paddler looking to polish your skills, this resource aims to deepen your understanding of safety and risk management in kayaking.
Techniques and Skills Development
Key Techniques for Specific Sports
One of the first steps in recognizing red flags during kayaking is honing your techniques. Control and maneuverability are of utmost importance. Mastering the forward stroke, reverse stroke, and the sweep stroke can keep you in command even when faced with challenging circumstances. Remember, the more familiar you are with your techniques, the quicker you'll spot trouble.
Progression Levels: Beginner to Advanced
As paddlers advance, it’s crucial to build on foundational skills. Beginners often start on calm waters to get comfortable with their kayak. As they gain confidence, they can progress to more turbulent rivers. Pay attention to your comfort level; pushing yourself too quickly can lead to overlooking vital signs of danger. For advanced paddlers, navigating through rougher waters demands not just skill but also a keen sense of judgment about current conditions.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Many paddlers fall victim to complacency. Don’t let overconfidence cloud your judgment. Skipping pre-trip checks or ignoring changing weather can have dire consequences. If you notice even a small change in the wind or water direction, don’t brush it off. Recognizing subtle changes before they escalate can save your day—and potentially your life.
Training Tips and Regimen
Physical Conditioning Required
Strong muscles and endurance are essential for any kayaker. Regularly working on your core strength can enhance your stability in the kayak. Activities like swimming, running, or cycling help build the stamina needed for long trips. Consider alternating your training routine to ensure all muscle groups are engaged.
Mental Preparation Strategies
Kayaking can be mentally demanding as well. Being mentally prepared involves more than just being fit. Visualizing potential scenarios—like capsizing or dealing with changing weather—can help you react appropriately when faced with these situations. Practice mindfulness while on the water; it keeps you focused and aware of your surroundings.
Personalized Training Plans
Each individual is different. Create a tailored training plan that reflects your personal goals and current abilities. Whether you aim for short day trips or potential overnight excursions, your preparation should reflect those ambitions.
Gear Reviews and Recommendations
Essential Gear for Each Extreme Sport
The right gear is crucial when kayaking. A well-fitted personal floatation device is non-negotiable. You'll also want a robust paddling jacket for unpredictable weather and shoes that can protect your feet. Don’t forget about protective equipment like a helmet if you plan to paddle in rough waters.
Product Comparisons and Rankings
When deciding which kayak to buy, compare factors like the materials used, weight capacity, and the hull design. Brands like Mad River Canoe and Wilderness Systems offer various models catering to different styles and needs. Research these before making a purchase, as investing in the right unit is a long-term decision.
Maintenance Tips for Longevity
To keep your gear in optimal condition, follow a regular maintenance schedule. Check for leaks or damage in your kayak regularly. Rinse off any saltwater after a trip, and store your equipment in a cool, dry place. Simple practices like these extend the lifespan of your gear significantly.
Safety Guidelines and Tips
Safety Gear Checklist
Here’s a checklist that can help ensure you’re properly equipped:
- Personal flotation device
- Whistle
- First-aid kit
- Spare paddle
- Water-resistant bag
- Emergency thermal blanket
Risk Assessment and Management
Assessing your environment is just as important as checking your gear. Pay close attention to the weather, water flow, and visibility. If you notice a significant shift—say, dark clouds gathering or the water level rising—it’s wise to reevaluate your plans. Responsiveness and adaptability can greatly enhance safety.
First Aid and Emergency Preparedness
Always have a first-aid kit with you and know basic first-aid techniques. If something goes wrong, staying calm is essential. Practicing emergency scenarios with your paddling group can significantly improve your teamwork and reaction time. Tools like a marine radio can be beneficial in crisis situations.
"Preparation is key. It’s not about if something will happen, but when."
By staying informed and prepared, kayakers can protect themselves and truly enjoy their time on the water. Remember, being cautious and aware today can prevent regrettable mishaps tomorrow.
Understanding Kayaking Red Flags
In the realm of kayaking, understanding red flags is not just a cautionary note; it can be the difference between a safe adventure and a potentially hazardous situation. Kayaking, while exhilarating, involves various risks that can quickly spiral if not recognized early on. By pinpointing specific red flags, enthusiasts can enhance their enjoyment on the water, safeguarding both themselves and their companions.
Red flags encompass a wide array of indicators—from equipment maintenance issues to environmental signs. Noticing these can lead to more informed decisions, ultimately improving overall safety. Kayakers who are diligent about these flags can steer clear of troubles, making their paddling experiences not only safer but also more enjoyable.
Defining Red Flags in the Kayaking Context
Red flags in the kayaking landscape signify warning signs that indicate potential dangers. They can stem from various sources: the boat, the water, and even the paddlers themselves. For instance, a frayed paddle strap or a leaking kayak should raise immediate concerns. Similarly, rough water or poor weather conditions can hint at an upcoming struggle.
In defining these alerting indicators, kayakers must understand that red flags are not always overt. Sometimes, a subtle change in water behavior or an odd wind pattern might suggest deeper issues. It becomes essential to view these signs in context, as multiple smaller flags may converge to outline a larger problem.
Importance of Recognizing Red Flags
The significance of recognizing red flags cannot be overstated. First and foremost, timely identification can prevent accidents. A kayaker who ignores subtle indications of trouble may soon face challenging conditions—or worse, an emergency.
Additionally, recognizing these flags fosters better decision-making skills. When kayakers understand the implications of various signs, they can plan their routes, choose appropriate gear, and even set realistic goals as per their capabilities. This understanding contributes to a more enriching kayaking experience.
"It’s like driving on a winding road; ignoring signs can lead you off a cliff, but being aware keeps you on course," a seasoned paddler might say.
Ultimately, embracing the awareness of kayaking red flags leads to a culture of safety amongst paddlers.
- Awareness of environment: From weather changes to shifting currents, being attuned to surroundings enhances safety.
- Equipment checks: Regular inspection ensures that gear functions as intended; a minor oversight can spiral into significant danger.
- Team vigilance: Encouraging group communication about observed red flags fosters camaraderie and collective safety on the water.
Through incorporating these practices, the kayaking community evolves into a more cautious and responsible group, where safeguarding lives remains paramount.
Red Flags Related to Equipment
Understanding the types of equipment-related red flags is vital for kayakers who wish to maintain their safety and enhance their performance on the water. Equipment, whether it's a kayak, paddle, or safety gear, is the backbone of a pleasant kayaking experience. When things go amiss with any piece of gear, it can lead to compromises that could endanger not only the paddler but also others on the water. Thus, being informed about common issues and proper maintenance routines is a significant advantage.
Common Equipment Failures
Identifying common equipment failures before they escalate into serious issues can save a kayaker from disastrous consequences. Failure in kayaks often presents itself in various ways:
- Broken seat or footrest: A broken seat or footrest can hinder your ability to control the kayak, leading to loss of balance or discomfort.
- Cracks in the hull: Subtle cracks might not seem like a big deal but can increase in size, causing water infiltration and ultimately capsizing.
- Faulty bungee cords: If these cords have lost elasticity, they won’t hold gear securely, which can be a safety hazard when navigating through rough waters.
Recognizing these failures early — before hitting the water — ensures that you are paddling a craft that is capable and safe. Regular checks and maintenance play a huge role here, so it's crucial to get into the habit of inspecting equipment before every outing.
Signs of Wear and Tear
Knowing the signs of wear and tear is more than just a technical skill; it's about respect for the equipment that keeps you afloat. With time and use, equipment can degrade, and it's important to be vigilant. Look out for:
- Discoloration or fading: This often indicates exposure to sun while stored improperly, which can weaken materials over time.
- Frayed straps or torn fabric: Such damage can not only affect aesthetics but also functionality, especially in personal floatation devices.
- Rust on metal parts: Kayaks with metal hardware need careful inspection. Any sign of rust can weaken the integrity of these parts, usually leading to failure at the least convenient moment.
Being proactive about these signals can prolong the life of your equipment, getting you more bang for your buck while ensuring safety on the water.
Choosing Quality Gear
When it comes to kayaks and water sports equipment, choosing quality gear can make a world of difference. Rather than hunting for the cheapest options, consider:
- Material durability: Look for kayaks made from high-density polyethylene or fiberglass. These materials tend to withstand wear better than cheaper alternatives.
- Reputable brands: Investing in brands with solid reputations often means you’re acquiring gear that has undergone stringent testing for safety and reliability.
- Reviews and feedback: Seek out opinions from seasoned paddlers in forums or social media discussions. Personal accounts can provide invaluable insights into potential pitfalls of specific models.
In a sport like kayaking, quality gear isn't optional; it’s essential. With increasingly enhanced technology, more responsive materials, and better engineering, it’s wise to keep an eye on these advancements to equip oneself with the best possible equipment.
"You can't buy happiness, but you can buy quality gear, and that’s pretty close to the same thing when it comes to kayaking.”
Environmental Red Flags
In the world of kayaking, environmental factors can serve as significant red flags that affect not only your performance but also your safety. Understanding these elements is paramount for any kayaker who wants to navigate the waters with confidence. Let's dive into some specific components of environmental red flags, their implications, and how to properly respond to them.
Weather Conditions to Watch For
Weather in the outdoors isn’t just a background detail; it can radically change the dynamics of your kayaking experience. A sunny day might morph into a stormy one faster than you can say "Incredible Hulk," and that's where your awareness needs to kick in. Here are a few weather conditions to be cautious about:
- Sudden Temperature Drops: Cold weather can lead to hypothermia. If you're out there and the temperature drops unexpectedly, it could be a sign that conditions are deteriorating.
- High Winds: Wind can push your kayak off course and create rough waters. If you notice trees swaying vigorously or whitecaps forming on the water, it's best to reevaluate your outing.
- Thunderstorms: Those ominous clouds forming on the horizon aren’t just for dramatic effect. Sudden storms can produce hazardous conditions such as lightning strikes, strong winds, and reduced visibility.
Staying alert to these changing conditions can be the difference between a pleasant paddle and a trip to the emergency room.
Water Levels and Flow
Water levels can fluctuate for a variety of reasons like rainfall, dam releases, or seasonal changes. Monitoring these conditions is crucial for ensuring a safe kayaking environment. When the water levels swing drastically, they can bring forth capsizing hazards and other unforeseen dangers. Key elements to consider include:
- Rising Water Levels: Rapidly rising water can hide dangerous currents and obstacles beneath the surface. A casual paddle can quickly turn into a wild ride if you don’t keep your eyes peeled for fluctuating levels.
- Low Water Levels: Shallow areas can lead to grounding, and you may find yourself in precarious situations with your kayak stuck in a rocky patch. You might’ve heard that old saying — "good things come to those who wait" — but when it comes to shallow water, it can mean the opposite.
- Current Strength: If you notice the water flow picking up speed, especially in rivers or strong tidal areas, it's essential to gauge the risks. A strong current can easily overpower a novice paddler, leading to potential accidents.
Regularly checking local updates on water conditions can save you from unnecessary risks.
Navigating Presence of Debris
Debris in the water can dramatically alter your kayaking experience as well. Whether it's fallen branches, submerged rocks, or litter, items floating around can be more than just an eyesore; they’re potential hazards. Here are some pointers:
- Natural Debris: Storms can wash down branches, logs, and other natural materials into the water, creating obstacles you might not see until it’s too late. If you can see the debris on the surface, it’s better to avoid the area altogether, lest you end up with a busted paddle or worse.
- Man-made Trash: While it’s unfortunate, litter often finds its way into rivers and lakes. Not only can it look nasty, but sharp objects can also pose puncture risks. If you see trash, especially sharp items like glass or metal, be vigilant and steer clear.
- Changing Flow Patterns: The presence of debris can also alter how water flows around a certain area, making current conditions unpredictable. Keeping a safe distance from debris not only reduces risks of hitting something but also helps maintain a smoother flow.
Ultimately, navigating around debris calls for a heightened sense of awareness and caution.
It’s essential to cultivate a keen eye while kayaking, as environmental red flags often serve as the mouthpiece that warns you when it’s time to turn back or rethink your adventure.
Personal Readiness and Safety
In the exhilarating world of kayaking, personal readiness and safety serve as the bedrock for unforgettable adventures. Before paddling out, enthusiasts must ensure not just that their equipment is in top shape but that they too are prepared physically and mentally for what's ahead. Ignoring these aspects can turn a day filled with adventure into a nightmare of regret. Poor personal readiness can greatly heighten risks, compromising both safety and enjoyment on the water.
Assessing Your Physical Condition
Before embarking on any trip, gauging your physical condition is vital. Kayaking demands a certain level of strength, endurance, and flexibility. A brisk workout routine may not only improve your stamina but also ensure you're in tip-top shape to handle any sudden twists and turns in the water. Like taking a pulse, assess yourself for fatigue or any lingering injuries before hitting the rapids. If you’ve had a busy week or a nagging ache, maybe it’s wiser to sit this one out.
- Check your endurance: Can you maintain a steady paddle for a couple of hours? If not, consider building your fitness before tackling long stretches on the water.
- Flexibility matters: While kayaking seems simple, it requires a full range of motion in your shoulders and back. Stretching before you go can help prevent stiffness and improve your performance.
Monitoring your physical condition is more than just a precaution; it’s a commitment to yourself. The more accountable you are to your physical readiness, the better your experience will likely be.
Mental Preparedness: A Crucial Factor
Mental well-being is often overlooked but is just as important as physical fitness. Being in the right headspace can help you react quicker when faced with unexpected challenges out on the water. Kayaking is as much about concentration and decision-making as it is about paddling.
Ask yourself:
- Are you mentally alert and ready to handle unforeseen circumstances?
- Have you been under stress or fatigue? Mental strain can fog your judgment, making you less prepared to deal with the unpredictability of nature.
Take a moment to clear your mind before you push away from the shore. Techniques like deep breathing or even a moment of meditation can ground you, allowing a sharper focus. Remember, a calm mind can often lead to better decisions.
"Mental preparedness can be the difference between a thrilling experience and a perilous one."
Safety Gear: Checklists and Essentials
Lastly, never underestimate the importance of having the right safety gear. A few essential pieces can save lives and ensure a safe voyage. Checklists are key here, and using them saves you from the scramble of forgetting something crucial.
Consider these essentials:
- PFD (Personal Flotation Device): Always wear a well-fitted life jacket. It’s not just a recommendation; it's often a legal requirement.
- First Aid Kit: No one plans for injuries, but having a good kit can turn a minor cut into a non-issue.
- Whistle: Sounds simple, right? But in emergencies, it can be a lifesaver, alerting others to your predicament.
- Safety Reflector or Lights: If your adventure extends into dusk or dawn, ensure you are visible to other watercraft.
Creating a checklist tailored to your excursions can mean the difference between a smooth sailing trip and facing unexpected hazards. Regularly evaluate and update your checklist, and ensure you have all the necessary items before each adventure.
Being prepared both physically and mentally, alongside being equipped with the right gear, leads to a safer and more enjoyable kayaking experience. As any seasoned enthusiast would know, vigilance and preparation are crucial when navigating the waters.
Group Dynamics in Kayaking
When venturing onto the water, kayaking isn’t just a solo sport; it thrives in the company of paddlers. The influences of group dynamics play a significant role in ensuring safety and enjoyment on the water. Understanding how individuals within a group interact can heighten awareness of potential red flags. Whether you’re a seasoned pro or just dipping your toes into this aquatic adventure, recognizing these dynamics can be the difference between a successful outing and a perilous experience.
Recognizing Red Flags Among Fellow Paddlers
As the saying goes, "It takes a village"—and in kayaking, that village is your fellow paddlers. Individual behaviors can be indicators of group safety, and recognizing these red flags can prevent accidents. Here are some signs to look out for:
- Excessive bravado: If a paddler is showing off or pushing their limits beyond reason, it might be time to reel them in.
- Lack of communication: When group members don’t check in or share their plans, it creates a gap in safety.
- Physical signs of fatigue: One person's fatigue can put the whole group at risk. Monitoring your mates helps maintain everyone's energy levels.
Recognizing these behaviors develops a stronger sense of collective responsibility, allowing for timely interventions. Ensure everyone in the group is on the same page; prompt discussions about safety and everyone’s comfort levels.
Communication Breakdowns
Communication is the lifeblood of any group activity, especially in activities against nature's whims like kayaking. A breakdown in communication can lead to misunderstandings, missed signals, and potentially dangerous situations. The following points illustrate why communication matters:
- Pre-trip talks: Establishing clear plans about routes, risks, and tasks helps ensure everyone understands their role.
- Regular check-ins: During the outing, check-in with each other. Those short updates can reveal someone's discomfort or issues that may not be apparent.
- Clear signals: Non-verbal cues, like gestures or signals, should be established ahead of time to prevent miscommunication.
In kayaking, as in life, failing to communicate can throw a wrench in the works. That’s not just ironic; it could lead to serious risks and liabilities.
Understanding Group Safety Protocols
Every kayaking trip can come with its set of known and unknown challenges. Relying on group safety protocols empowers participants to reduce risks effectively. Here are some key components worth noting:
- Buddy system: Always pair up with someone. Not only does this help in monitoring one another, but it also fosters camaraderie.
- Emergency plans: Have a solid plan for emergency situations. Know where the nearest points of assistance are, and ensure everyone in the group knows how to call for help.
- Equipment checks: Regularly evaluate gear collectively before hitting the water. From kayaks to first aid kits, everyone should have a clear understanding of what’s aboard.
By grasping these protocols, groups can boost their resilience against unforeseen events, therefore fostering an inviting and secure environment.
"Camaraderie grows on the kayak and carries through the rapids."
Fostering strong group dynamics allows paddlers not only to communicate effectively but to navigate the water with heightened safety and enjoyment.
Emergency Situations and Red Flags
In the world of kayaking, where nature reigns supreme, recognizing potential emergencies is no small feat. Emergencies can sprout out of nowhere, often when you least expect them. Understanding red flags in such situations can be the difference between a tranquil adventure and a distressing ordeal. Kayaking is not just about paddling along; it’s about being prepared for the unknown. The turbulent waters or sudden weather changes can transform a serene outing into something risky.
Identifying Emergency Scenarios
When it comes to kayaking, knowing how to identify various emergency scenarios is critical. First and foremost, weather changes are a major factor. If cumulus clouds begin to thicken or darken, it’s a sign that a storm might be brewing. Watch for sudden gusts of wind; that can be an indication of shifting weather, a precursor to harsh conditions. Similarly, be alert if you encounter whitecaps on the water, which is often a sign of increased wind speed.
Another alarming situation can arise from equipment failure, such as a submerged kayak that takes on water. If you feel the boat heavily tilting to one side, that’s a cue to reevaluate your gear. Pay attention to your fellow kayakers as well; if someone’s having difficulty keeping their balance or is struggling to paddle, it’s time to step in and offer assistance.
"In kayaking, being proactive can often avert calamity. Don't ignore the signs—your survival may hang in the balance."
First Response Actions
When a scenario turns from a calm paddling experience to an emergency, knowing how to react is paramount. The first action should always be to ensure your own safety. If you feel overwhelmed, try to remain calm and assess your surroundings. Look around to locate safe land or a stable area if conditions worsen. If someone capsizes, quickly deploy any rescue techniques you have learned; this may include tossing them a flotation device or extending a paddle.
Clear communication is essential during emergencies. Shouting for help or using a whistle can alert those around you about your situation. If you’re in a position to, checking on group members is crucial. Their safety may rely on your quick thinking.
Post-Emergency Evaluations
Once you've navigated an emergency, it's important to take a breather and evaluate the situation. Gather your group for a debrief to discuss what happened and what could be improved for future outings. This not only helps in fostering a sense of camaraderie but also in preventing similar situations later. Did everyone follow safety protocols? Was there a point where more communication could have made a difference?
Moreover, maintenance of equipment is key after an emergency. Assess your gear for any damages that may have occurred during the mishap. This may include checking kayaks, life jackets, and paddles thoroughly, because a tiny tear could lead to major trouble later. By exceptionally analyzing your experience, you can better prepare for future kayaking adventures.
Training to Observe Red Flags
Training to observe red flags is an essential component for any kayaker aiming to enhance their safety and proficiency on the water. Kayaking, while exhilarating, poses numerous risks that require keen attention to detail. By developing the ability to recognize early warning signs, paddlers can take proactive steps to avert potential dangers. Ignoring these signs can lead to unexpected hazards that may turn a casual outing into a dangerous situation. Thus, investing time in education and training is crucial for both novice and seasoned kayakers.
Enhancing Skills Through Courses
One of the most effective ways to build skill in identifying red flags is through structured kayaking courses. These courses, often conducted by qualified instructors, cover various aspects of kayaking safety and environmental awareness. Participants learn to recognize specific risks associated with weather, water conditions, and equipment. Here are a few benefits of taking such courses:
- Expert Guidance: Trained professionals help participants understand the nuances of different conditions and how to react appropriately.
- Hands-On Experience: Practical assessments in real-world settings solidify the knowledge and skills acquired during the course.
- Peer Learning: Engaging with fellow kayakers creates a collaborative atmosphere where learners can share insights and experiences.
Taking part in these courses is not just about learning the ropes—it's about transforming how you approach kayaking as a whole.
The Role of Mentorship
Mentorship plays an invaluable role in fostering a deeper understanding of kayaking red flags. Experienced paddlers can offer wisdom and lessons drawn from their own adventures, some of which might not be found in textbooks. Having a mentor can enhance the learning experience in several ways:
- Personalized Advice: Mentors can offer tailored guidance based on your individual skill level and experience.
- Real-Life Scenarios: By sharing stories from their own experiences, mentors can illustrate what to look for in various situations, making it easier to relate and understand.
- Supportive Networking: A mentor often acts as an entry point into a broader community of kayakers, providing valuable networking opportunities.
By building relationships with experienced kayakers, you can develop a more nuanced sense of awareness that might go unnoticed when navigating independently.
Self-Evaluation Techniques
Self-evaluation is another powerful tool in a kayaker's arsenal for recognizing red flags. Encouraging oneself to reflect on past paddling experiences and assessing personal responses to various situations can lead to significant development. Here is a process for effective self-evaluation:
- Debrief Post-Trip: After each kayaking trip, take some time to jot down thoughts about what went well and what could’ve been better.
- Identify Patterns: Look for recurring themes in your experiences, whether it’s an instance of misjudging weather conditions or not checking your equipment thoroughly.
- Set Goals for Improvement: Based on your reflections, set tangible goals that focus on addressing your weaknesses and enhancing your strengths.
By taking the time for honest self-reflection, kayakers not only sharpen their skills but also reinforce their commitment to safety.
Culmination: Navigating with Awareness
When it comes to kayaking, the conclusion isn’t merely a summary. It serves as a pivotal reminder that the journey on the water is as much about awareness as it is about enjoyment. Understanding and identifying red flags can mitigate risks and enhance overall safety. Enthusiasts must recognize that preparation goes beyond having the right equipment. Every kayaker, regardless of experience, benefits significantly from a vigilant mindset. Being aware allows paddlers to make better decisions that can spell the difference between a delightful paddle and a harrowing ordeal.
Summarizing Key Takeaways
To distill the essence of this guide, let’s highlight some fundamental elements:
- Awareness is Key: The ability to notice red flags is crucial. Conditions may change rapidly, requiring constant attention.
- Equipment Checks: Regularly inspect gear to avoid unexpected failures. This includes ensuring your kayak, paddle, and life jacket are in prime condition. Minor issues can escalate into major risks if neglected.
- Weather and Environment: Always keep an eye on the weather forecast and water conditions. Both can shift dramatically, influencing paddling safety.
- Physical and Mental Readiness: Assess personal capability. Physical strength and mental preparedness influence performance and decision-making under pressure.
- Group Dynamics: Pay attention to the behavior and readiness of your group. Communication is paramount in ensuring everyone’s safety; without it, risks multiply.
These takeaways are not just checkboxes but fundamental principles to cultivate. They remind paddlers that safety is paramount, and awareness should be prioritized.
Encouraging Ongoing Vigilance
The responsibility of safety extends beyond just understanding red flags; it requires a commitment to continuous vigilance. Developing the habit of checking your surroundings, being aware of fellow kayakers, and continuously educating yourself about best practices can be the lifebuoy you didn't know you needed.
"A safe paddler is a happy paddler."
This idiom resonates with the kayaking community because satisfaction on the water often stems from a well-informed approach. Consider joining local kayak clubs or forums, like those found on reddit.com, to share experiences and learn about others' encounters with red flags.
